As the foregoing findings reveal a hypothrombotic state in MDD-SA and MDD-NA subjects (Figs 2 and 6), we hypothesized that heparin treatment – which induces a hypothrombotic state through inactivating the extrinsic pathway proteins thrombin, FXa, and FIXa20 – may promote depression-like behavior in rodents. Here, F10 is linked to major depressive disorder.