In a similar HSD-induced larval model, the Drosophila lipocalin-family member, neural lazarillo (NLaz) – which is analogous to apolipoprotein D and to retinol-binding protein 4 (Hull-Thompson et al., 2009), a protein implicated in diabetes in humans – has been identified as being a key mediator of HSD-mediated insulin resistance (Pasco and Leopold, 2012). Here, CHST3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.