To test whether human cortical pyramidal neurons share a similar nAChR expression profile to rodents, we recorded from L2/3 and L6 pyramidal neurons (Fig. 6a) of human frontal and temporal cortex tissue resected during epilepsy surgery43 (see Methods section and Table 1) and tested them for nAChR expression using direct applications of ACh (1 mM, >20 s; local application protocol II, in the presence of atropine) aimed at somato-dendritic regions of the cell (Fig. 6b). This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA4 and epilepsy.