HOTAIR and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: For example, H19 is aberrantly expressed in many types of cancer such as liver and bladder cancers and pancreatic ductal carcinoma (Ma et al. 2014; Luo et al. 2013; Tsang and Kwok 2007), while HOTAIR has been implicated in various aspects of cancer development (Wu et al. 2014).