Thus, we sought to achieve two objectives: (1) to use the in vitro moDC-CD4+ T cell model of mucosal transmission of a CCR5-tropic virus to explore how DC maturation by PICLC might influence the outcome of HIV infection in DCs and DC-T cell co-cultures, and (2) to directly relate these findings to effects of PICLC in vivo against rectal SIV transmission. Here, CCR5 is linked to HIV infectious disease.