MTOR and cancer: Liau et al. [15] showed that HMGA1 primarily mediates its cellular invasiveness through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, chemo-resistance, and metastasis, and that specific suppression of HMGA1 inhibits cellular invasiveness in vitro and metastasis in vivo through AKT inhibition [21–23].