TLR4 and acute kidney injury: 2004, Castoldi et al. 2012, Han et al. 2012). During polymicrobial sepsis, TLR4‐, TLR2‐ and MyD88‐deficient mice displayed lower levels of cytokines, in turn correlated with less renal inflammation and renal dysfunction (Castoldi et al. 2012). However, as mice without tubular TLR4 but with significantly increased systemic cytokine levels are protected against LPS‐induced renal injury, the local inflammatory response appears most important for SI‐AKI to occur (Hato et al. 2015).