A study performed on animals showed that pro-estrus females are not immunode-pressed compared with male and ovariectomized mice after trauma.[79] Other test results have demonstrated that estrogen produces beneficial effects on immune and cardiovascular function after trauma[80] by reducing the release of cytokine production, such as TNF-α, and maintaining the immune response.[81] Thus, estrogen plays an important role in the gender dimorphism of post-traumatic sepsis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Sepsis.