ATOX1 and ovarian carcinoma: Previous studies have shown that the platinum-based drug resistance in ovarian cancer treatment primarily due to the sequestering of the drugs in the sub-cellular compartments in the cells via ATP-dependent Cu+ transporting P-type 7A or 7B (ATP7A/ATP7B) (Samimi et al., 2004; Yoshizawa et al., 2007; Kalayda et al., 2008; Safaei et al., 2012, 2013; Harrach and Ciarimboli, 2015) or due to ATP7A/ATP7B chaperone protein, ATOX1 (Safaei et al., 2009).