A large proportion of patients with dementia who have significant CVLs also exhibit more severe concomitant AD pathology [18], such as deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) and Aβ, and thus fulfil the neuropathological criteria for AD (Braak neurofibrillary tangle [NFT] stage V/VI, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease [CERAD] score C and Aβ phase 5 according to the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association [NIA–AA] guidelines [19–22]). This evidence concerns the gene MRS2 and Alzheimer disease.