After addition of NT-proBNP concentration to a model with conventional risk factors only, the C-index increased by 0·012 (95% CI 0·010–0·014) for the combination of coronary heart disease and stroke; 0·019 (0·016–0·022) for the combination of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure; 0·012 (0·009–0·015) for coronary heart disease; 0·011 (0·008–0·015) for stroke; and 0·038 (0·030–0·045) for heart failure (figure 3; appendix pp 36–37). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.