NPPB and heart failure: Assessment of circulating B-type natriuretic peptide concentration and its more stable by-product N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is recommended by guidelines for diagnosis and management of patients with heart failure.8, 9 As natriuretic peptides are markers of vascular remodelling, their measurement could also serve as an adjunct in prediction of first-ever coronary heart disease and stroke outcomes.11