In analyses of 15 909 participants for coronary heart disease and stroke and 12 202 participants for heart failure from seven studies with available information about BNP concentration,28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 risk ratios for coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure observed with BNP concentration were weaker than were those observed with NT-proBNP concentration (appendix p 25). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.