As discussed previously, the increase in % T lymphocytes in Vk#31 with high grade disease could represent a reciprocal change to the B lymphopenia occurring (Fig. 2b); however, the change in CD4:CD8 ratio with high-grade disease suggested a preferential expansion of CD8+ T cells and/or loss of CD4+ T cells (Fig. 3c). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and lymphopenia.