VEGFA and kidney disorder: For example, an upregulation of the VEGF-A 165 and VEGF-A 189 isoforms confers a robust, prolonged protective effect in glomerular endothelial cells.[18] However, because the pattern of VEGF-A isoforms does not appear to change in kidney disease, VEGF-A 121—which has relatively weak intracellular signaling strength—remains the predominant isoform, regardless of the underlying pathology.[18] Therefore, an increase in total VEGF-A production might not provide the sufficient conditions to rescue glomerular endothelial cells during renal pathology.