However, qualitative changes in VEGF-A expression—specifically, changes in mRNA splicing patterns—can also play a role in pathophysiology, for example in the placenta in preeclampsia.[14] Changes in the splicing of anti-angiogenic splicing variants of VEGF-A, the VEGF-Ab variants, are involved in the development of kidney damage; however, whether changes in the pro-angiogenic splice variants of VEGF-A occur during kidney disease is currently unknown.[15]. Here, VEGFA is linked to kidney disorder.