S100A4 and thyroid cancer: S100A4/RAGE signals through diaphanous-1 (thyroid cancer), nuclear Factor κ B (NFĸB) (prostate cancer), and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) (colorectal) pathways and it will be informative to investigate which intracellular pathways are modulated by S100A4/RAGE paracrine signaling to promote melanoma transmigration.