NFATC4 and Cognitive impairment: In addition, NFATc4 mediated light-induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis by upregulating Fas ligand (FasL) expression on retinal neurons [236], and the overactivation of calcineurin/NFATc3 signaling induced the typical neuronal toxicity and functional alterations observed in murine developing hippocampal neurons following the inhalation of anesthetic isoflurane, including cognitive impairment [237].