Mutations in the CYLD gene lead to a subtype of the benign cancer predisposition syndrome of skin appendages also known as Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, although inactivation or downregulation of CYLD is also observed in a variety of other cancers, including melanoma, and breast, colon, lung, breast, cervical, and, recently, prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene CYLD and prostate cancer.