In our analysis, we observe that a subset of these cytokines reported to be present in the serum also show transcriptional upregulations in PBMCs by 4 days post-infection (IL6, IL1B, IL1RN, CCL8, CXCL10) and by 7 days post-infection (CCL2, CCL3, CSF1, TNF, CXCL1, FAS and CXCL8). The gene discussed is IL1RN; the disease is infection.