This article contains data related to the research article entitled “Altered relation of the renin-aldosterone system and vasoactive peptides in type 2 diabetes: the KORA F4 study” (Then et al., 2016) [1] and describes the association of the aldosterone to renin ratio with midregional-pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and midregional-pro adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) in 1261 participants from the KORA F4 cohort. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.