INS and diabetes mellitus: Current treatments for diabetes include insulin therapy (for type 1 and some type 2 diabetes patients) and administration of oral hypoglycemic agents (i.e., insulin secretagogues, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin sensitizers), which nevertheless have been demonstrated to show deteriorations in hyperglycemic control and increased risks of contracting diabetic complications during long-term usage [9].