Higher BCAA intake was also associated with significantly lower insulin resistance as indicated by lower HOMA-IR (Q5-Q1 = − 0.1, P-trend 0.02) and insulin concentrations (Q5-Q1 = − 0.5 μU/mL, P-trend 0.03) in addition to lower hs-CRP levels (Q5-Q1 = − 0.3 mg/L, P-trend 0.01) and lower SBP (Q5-Q1 = − 2.3 mmHg, P-trend 0.01) comparing those in the highest and lowest quintiles of intake. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.