For example, mesothelin enhances the invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells by inducing MMP-7 through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and JNK pathways [34]; the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein transactivates the MMP-7 gene via JunD/AP-1 signaling that is dependent on activation of JNK1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [35]; and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate stimulates pro-MMP-7 production via activation of the JNK1/2 pathway in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells [36]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and colorectal cancer.