By simultaneously measuring urinary AGP, ceruloplasmin, VCAM-1, TF, LPGDS, MCP-1 and NGAL at a single patient visit in two ethnically diverse cohorts of JSLE patients, the aim of this study was to derive and internationally validate a biomarker panel which could improve identification of active LN, over and above individual biomarkers. Here, VCAM1 is linked to lobular neoplasia.