TGFB1 and neoplasm: For instance, TGFβ1 resistance has been introduced specifically into CD8+ T cells ex vivo by infection with a retrovirus encoding a dominant negative TGFβRII, and adoptive transfer of these T cells into tumor-bearing hosts led to significant reduction in primary tumor size and pulmonary metastases in the TRAMP-C2 transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model [146,147,148].