Importantly, increased TGFβ1 levels in cancer may arise not only from enhanced expression of this cytokine by tumor cells themselves, but also by recruitment into the tumor microenvironment of TGFβ1-producing cancer-associated cells that include stromal fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and immature myeloid cells [44,45,46,47]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.