CSF2 and neoplasm: Although the exact mechanism of improved immune reactivity achieved by VigilTM (FANGTM) vaccination is less clear than DNR-CTL adoptive transfer therapies in which TGFβ resistance is introduced specifically into T cells, it is likely that indirect TGFβ knockdown via this approach diminishes the suppression of DC, whose recruitment to and activation at the vaccination site is also enhanced by GM-CSF secreted by the engineered autologous tumor cells.