Still another approach involving a fusion protein known as FIST, which consists of the soluble extracellular domain of TGFβRII linked to the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-2, has been shown to inhibit both pancreatic cancer and B16 melanoma outgrowth; while this inhibition is likely at least partially attributable to the anti-angiogenic effects of FIST, it is also associated with enhanced immune cell recruitment to tumor sites; and a soluble factor derived from NK cells was implicated in FIST-associated tumor control [141]. This evidence concerns the gene HIPK3 and melanoma.