In discriminating modest renal fibrosis (IF/TA 2+3) from no or mild fibrosis in CKD patients, the AUC-ROC of serum HE4 predictive ability was 0.968 (95% CI, 0.950-0.986) with a sensitivity and specificity at 84.9 % and 98.0 %, respectively (cut-off value was 206 pmol/L), which was also higher than the AUC-ROC of serum creatinine AUC (0.94, 95% CI, 0.91-0.96) with a sensitivity and specificity at 87.4 % and 86.0 %, respectively, (Figure 2C). Here, WFDC2 is linked to fibrosis.