IDH1 and glioma: Similar to our HK2 protein results, primary GBM operative samples and GBM cultures had significantly higher hexokinase activity compared to normal controls (11 fold higher, (*p < 0.05)) and 6 fold higher (*p < 0.05) when compared to grade II gliomas (IDH1 mutant oligodendrogliomas) (Figure 1J, p < 0.05).