Surgically resected patient operative samples demonstrated a significant increase in HK2 expression (5 fold higher, *p < 0.05) when measured by ELISA assay in GBM patients when compared to normal controls [normal human brain (NHB)], normal human astrocytes (NHA) and neural stem cells (NSC)], and was 2.7 fold higher in HK2 (*p < 0.05) when compared with lower-grade oligodendrogliomas (grade II, IDH1 mutant) (Figure 1I). Here, IDH1 is linked to oligodendroglioma.