In this review, we will first discuss the role of TGFβ in lung cancer, and then we will expand to other epithelial cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer and prostate cancer, and two aggressive non-epithelial cancers in which TGFβ plays an important role, glioblastoma and melanoma. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is melanoma.