MYLK and dissection: The molecular mechanism of aortic dissection may result from dysfunction in the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the aortic wall (mutations in ACTA2, MYH11, MYLK), by disturbances in TGF-β signaling (mutations in TGFβ2, TGFβ3, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD3) or by dysfunction of the extracellular matrix (mutations in FBN1, COL3A1) [6].