STAT3 promotes HCC initiation and development, but the role of STAT5 in the initiation and development of human HCC has been reported rarely, we used TCGA data to analyze the relationship between GRAMD1A levels and the levels of STAT5 targeting genes by GSEA, and found a positive correlation between GRAMD1A levels and the levels of STAT5 targeting genes, suggesting GRAMD1A might regulate STAT5 (Fig. 4a). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.