NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: The NF-κB pathway (Figure 2) is considered to be a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway controlling both RA pathogenesis and viral infection, due to the expression of proinflammatory genes of chemokines, cytokines, receptors, apoptotic regulators, intracellular signaling molecules, and transcription factors (Hinz et al., 2002; Lawrence, 2009).