These researchers noted that tanshinone IIA activated a ROS-induced, P53-independent [27], and caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic cell death pathway that was characterized by an increased ratio of Bax to Bclx1 or Bax to Bcl-2, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential [30], caspase activation, PARP-1 cleavage, and cytochrome c release in A549 cells and small cell lung cancer H146 cells [31]. This evidence concerns the gene BAX and small cell lung carcinoma.