DLB can be characterised by the presence within neurons of Lewy bodies, containing misfolded α-synuclein protein; however, in comparison with AD, it has less severe brain atrophy, instead with a more diffuse and less focal pattern,12, 13 and relatively preserved medial temporal lobes.14, 15, 16 In addition, β-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (that is, AD-like pathologies) are also found in DLB. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Lewy body dementia.