Regardless of smoking status, a decreased expression of AUF1 (pCOPD<0.001, pasthma<0.01), TIA (pCOPD<0.001, pasthma<0.001) and NCL (pCOPD<0.001, pasthma<0.001) was observed in patients with sarcoidosis compared to both obstructive pathologies (COPD and asthma; Fig 1 and S3 Table). This evidence concerns the gene HNRNPD and sarcoidosis.