In our cohort of encephalitis, the Th1 (CXCL10 & TNF-α), T reg (IL-10), B cell (CXCL13) related cytokine/chemokines, and cytokines with broad spectrum of activities including IL-6 and IFN-α, were elevated in more than 75% of the cases. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is viral encephalitis.