Given that HNSCC is consistently the most closely related tumour to cuSCC, we asked whether cuSCC-derived signatures from our cohort of well-differentiated tumours could also be used to predict outcomes in carcinogen-driven (non-HPV) HNSCCs, which have TP53 mutations and high mutational loads63. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.