Our data from the current study support the notion that at least one reason for the common failure of IFNα therapy in treatment of human disease is due to its further induction of IDO1, which is already upregulated in RCC as evidenced by such high levels of immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway metabolites that they appear in the urine of RCC patients [8]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to renal cell adenocarcinoma.