Finally, there were two transcripts that showed opposite changes in wild-type versus Foxo-deficient ALDH+ cells: the lncRNA Peg3, a parentally imprinted transcript whose methylation correlates with human islet function44, and Bach2, a transcription factor that has been implicated in type 1 diabetes susceptibility45, 46, as well as β-cell stress47 (Table 4 and Supplementary Table 5). This evidence concerns the gene PEG3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.