TNF and fungal infectious disease: In addition, binding of fungal compounds to C-type lectins (Dectin-1 and Dectin-2) and the activation of certain TNF family cytokines (CD40L, BAFF, or LT-β) observed during fungal infections leads to the activation of the non-canonical NFκB pathway (p52/RelB), which is implicated in B-cell and DC maturation (Hu et al., 2011; Sun, 2012) and γδTh17 cell development (Powolny-Budnicka et al., 2011) but also in the control of the expression of a wide range of immune-related genes (Geijtenbeek and Gringhuis, 2009; Vallabhapurapu and Karin, 2009; Plato et al., 2013).