RUNX3 and neoplasm: Additionally, the RUNX3 transcription factor, poorly qualified as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) [21–23], has been associated with early inflammatory, pre-neoplastic, and tumor stages [24] as well as with chronic H. pylori infection [15, 25], which is known to lead to inflammation in gastric tissue and may induce atrophy, dysplasia, and metaplasia [26].