Since IL-1β is known to be strongly upregulated in FCD and TSC human brain specimens [27, 34, 35] and to play a key pathogenic role in human epilepsy (for review, see [20, 36]; we also investigated whether this inflammatory cytokine could play a role in the regulation of the expression and cellular localization of immunoproteasome subunits. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is epilepsy.