The knockdown of endogenous AT1R in CE81T/VGH or CE48T/VGH cells led to a significant decrease of angiotensin II-induced ESCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and BrdU incorporation (P<0.05, Figure 3D and 3E and Supplementary Figure S1B and S1C). This evidence concerns the gene AGTR1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.