Interestingly, β-cell derived insulin DNA levels were significantly lower in women with GDM when compared with PRG, NP, and PP groups (demethylation index: PRG = 7.74 × 10−3 ± 3.09 × 10−3, GDM = 1.01 × 10−3 ± 5.86 × 10−4, p < 0.04; NP = 4.53 × 10−3 ± 1.62 × 10−3, PP = 3.24 × 10−3 ± 1.78 × 10−3). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.