TNF and keratoconus: As a result, increased levels of IL1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1 were measured in keratoconic corneas without induced secondary injury compared with normal corneas and decreased levels of IL1 alpha, FGF-2, TNF-α, EGF, TGF-α, and PDGF were found in patients with keratoconus with secondary injury in relation to those without, which could emphasize the hypothesis of an ineffective wound healing in this ectatic disorder [40].