In addition, exercise interventions resulted in significant differences in the levels of insulin (SMD = 0.94, 95 % CI 0.70 – 1.19; I2 = 93.8 %) (Fig. 6) and insulin resistance (SMD = -0.35, 95 % CI -0.70 to -0.009; I2 = 0 %). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.