LACTB and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Use of macrolides (used by 13.2% of the children) was also associated with an increased rate of childhood type 1 diabetes (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34), whereas treatment with combined penicillins, including beta-lactam inhibitors (used by 2.9% of the children) and beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins (used by 44.6% of the children) was not (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.29 and HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.10, respectively).