The most significant of these, meeting the strict study-wide threshold for significance (i.e., p < 5 x 10−9), was the association of cranial base width at 20q12 410kb downstream of MAFB, a transcription factor previously implicated in orofacial clefts [29] and facial characteristics in cleft families [30]. The gene discussed is MAFB; the disease is orofacial cleft.