The essential antibacterial and antifungal functions of Th17 cells were shown in patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome characterized by STAT3 mutations, who had a complete loss of Th17 cells and presented with recurrent staphylococcal skin infections and mucocutaneous candidiasis [54]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome.