The P2X7R−/−C57BL/6 splenocytes produced significantly higher levels of IL-6 in response to 3'-O-4-benzoyl-ATP treatment as compared with the C57BL/6P2X7R−/− cells (596±158 pg ml−1 in P2X7R−/−C57BL/6 vs 235±125 pg ml−1 in C57BL/6P2X7R−/−, P<0.01), which is consistent with previous studies.20 Following infection, we assessed CD103+ DC recruitment to the small intestinal epithelium in chimeric mice. The gene discussed is ITGAE; the disease is infection.