TNF and infection: TLR11/12 are required for recognising toxoplasma profilin to regulate DC-derived IL-12 in response to T. gondii infection.21, 22 TLR2 and TLR-adaptor MyD88−/− mice are more susceptible to T. gondii with decreased production of chemokines.21, 23, 24 Furthermore, TLRs are known to trigger NF-κB-dependent production of cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and type-I interferons)25 and chemokines, including CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5,26 to elicit inflammation in response to infection.