It has been shown that blockade of the classical RAS axis alleviated the brain inflammation by reducing the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in a model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)49 and attenuates the clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis by the modulation of the T cell cytokines profile50. Here, TGFB1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.