ICAM1 and cerebral malaria: In Plasmodium berghei ANKA-induced experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) infection, pathogenic mononuclear cells accumulate in cerebral blood vessels as a result of inflammatory TNF secretion and the upregulation of chemokine receptors like C-X chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) on T cells [19] and cell-adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the vascular endothelium [20].