Simvastatin markedly decreased OPN transcripts and protein levels (mean fold changes ± SD, 3.0 ± 1.1 vs 6.3 ± 1.9, p < 0.001; 8.3 ± 1.7 ng/ml vs 22.1 ± 2.8 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively) (Fig. 3b, 3c) in MDM from COPD patients whereas simvastatin had no any effect on IL-13, OPN, and ADA in CSE-treated MDM from healthy subjects (0.36 ± 0.1 vs 0.31 ± 0.1, p = 0.5; 0.5 ± 0.1 vs 0.44 ± 0.1, p = 0.67; 1.5 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.3, p = 0.62) (3g-i). The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.